%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 2 /Kids [ 2 0 R 131 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFF603fb6a2 75 0 R /QuickPDFF8cf74c2a 130 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 133 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20160523123349+02'00') /ModDate (D:20160523123351+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 3375 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFF8cf74c2a 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 61.2058 770.8329 Tm (Towards a Modernized Geodetic Datum for Nepal: Options for Developing an)Tj 1 0 0 1 74.2748 752.1709 Tm (Accurate Terrestrial Reference Frame Following the April 25, 2015 Mw7.8)Tj 1 0 0 1 236.7658 733.5089 Tm (Gorkha Earthquake)Tj ET /QuickPDFF8cf74c2a 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 74.8933 703.0447 Tm (Christopher Pearson \(New Zealand\), Niraj Manandhar \(Nepal\) and Paul Denys \(New Zealand\))Tj ET /QuickPDFF8cf74c2a 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 661.3218 Tm 15.996 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFF603fb6a2 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 661.3218 Tm 15.768 TL (Deformation measurement; Reference frames; Reference systems; Nepal,)' (dynamic datums)' ET /QuickPDFF8cf74c2a 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 618.8021 Tm 15.996 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFF603fb6a2 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 163.8497 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (Towards a Modernized Geodetic Datum for Nepal: Options for Developing an Accurate Terrestrial Reference Frame)' (Following the April 25, 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha Earthquake \(7970\))' (Christopher Pearson \(New Zealand\), Niraj Manandhar \(Nepal\) and Paul Denys \(New Zealand\))' ()' (FIG Working Week 2016)' (Recovery from Disaster)' (Christchurch, New Zealand, May 26, 2016)' ET /QuickPDFF603fb6a2 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 590.4557 Tm 15.768 TL (Along with the damage to buildings and infrastructure, the April 25, 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha)' (earthquake caused quite significant deformation over a large area in eastern Nepal with)' (displacements of over 2 m recorded in the vicinity of Kathmandu. In this paper we consider options)' (for a modernized geodetic datum for Nepal that will have the capacity to correct for the earthquake)' (displacements and ongoing tectonic deformation associated with Nepals location on the India/Asia)' (plate boundary)' ()' (The current Nepal datum is a classical datum developed in 1984 by the Military Survey branch of)' (the Royal \(UK\) Engineers in collaboration with the Nepal Survey Department. It has served Nepal)' (well however the recent earthquakes have provided an impetus for developing a semi-dynamic)' (datum which will be based on the most current available ITRF and have the capacity to correct for)' (tectonic deformation. )' ()' (In the scenario we present here, the datum would be based on be ITRF2014 with a reference epoch)' (set some time after the end of the current sequence of earthquakes. The deformation model)' (contains a grid of the secular velocity field combined with models of the Gorkha Earthquake and)' (the May 12 Mw7.3 aftershock. We have developed a preliminary velocity field by taking published)' (velocities for Nepal and adjacent pars of China and India from five previous studies and aligning)' (them to the ITRF. We are currently working on developing patches for the co-seismic part of the)' (deformation using published dislocation models. While these models do a reasonably good job of)' (modeling the deformation, there are some significant discrepancies between their predictions and)' (the limited GPS measurements. We hope to improve these models by developing revised grids that)' (will incorporate increased GPS and INSAR measurements of the deformation )' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
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